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Day of Wrath (1943, Denmark) (aka
Vredens Dag)
In director Carl Dreyer's somber and dark drama about
a religious witch hunt in 17th century Denmark (in the year 1623)
when women were persecuted - a parallel to the political situation
in Nazi-occupied Denmark in 1943 when Jews were targeted, deported
or captured, and executed:
- the main plot: young and sexy Anne Pedersdotter
(Lisbeth Movin) was forced into marriage to much-older, widower-pastor
Master Absalon Pedersson (Thorkild Roose); (Anne's own mother was
threatened with burning at the stake as a witch, and Anne suspected
that she was a witch herself, although her mother was spared by
the Master's intervention: "You knew she was a witch, but
kept quiet...You kept quiet for Anne's sake")
Questioning of Suspected Old Witch Marte - Anne
Listening
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- the ordeal of elderly wife Herlofs Marte (Anna Svierkier),
an herb woman, who was accused of being a witch by her husband,
including Marte's capture, interrogation in a torture chamber,
confession, and eventual execution by burning at the stake; Anne
tried to save Marte, at her own peril; Marte threatened to reveal
that the hypocritical Absalon had earlier saved Anne's mother,
who was also a witch ("She could call the living and the dead"),
because he had an interest in the young Anne
- the harsh scene of Marte's questioning: "How
did you enter the devil's service?...Where did you first meet the
devil?...Was it beneath the gallows?...You had to trample on the
Cross?...He forbade you to attend Communion?...You had to renounce
God and Christ?...You signed an eternal contract with the devil?" -
she admitted to everything, under duress
- the scene in the rectory hallway near where the interrogation
of accused-witch Marte was taking place, and the complex, dual-purpose
camera movement when Anne was walking forward among the pillars -
the camera both panned away from her and tracked after her (reflecting
her ambivalent feelings of both fear and curiosity)
- before her death, Marte pleaded not to be burned;
she also cursed out at Master Absalon and threatened to denounce
Anne as a witch, as she was hoisted above the fire: "I'll denounce
Anne, do you hear? I'll get even with you. You will regret this.
You yourself are going to the Devil. You hypocrite, you liar! You
liar! You liar!"
- Anne was conducting an incestuous affair with the
pastor's handsome young son Martin (Preben Lerdorff Rye); she told
Martin that she never loved her Reverend/Master husband Absalon:
("...I have never loved him. And he has never loved me...I often
think if he was dead...I only said 'if'"), and she dreamed of
the two of them living together and having a child: "We'll live
by the sea in a little house. I'll awaken with my head on your shoulder,
and wake you with a kiss. We'll lie like that for a long time. Then,
a little Martin will cry from his cradle. I'll take him up. And as
I found life on your breast, he shall find life at my breast. I shall
pass to him all the tenderness you gave me. I'll sing to him about
you and me. Isn't it lovely to think about?"
- the Reverend/Master admitted he took Anne without
her permission, stole her youth and married her: "I have done
you a great wrong. I never asked if you wanted to be mine. I just
took you. I took your best years. A wrong that can never be put right";
boldly, she all but confessed her adultery to him: "I have burned
for somebody I could love. I have dreamt of a child to hold in my
arms. You haven't even given me that. Have I ever wished you dead?
I have wished it hundreds of times. I have wished you dead when you
were with me and when you were away from me. But never as intensely
as since Martin and I...Yes, Martin and I. Now you know. That's why
at this very moment, I wish you dead. Dead!"; as he dramatically
rose up and called out for Martin, he collapsed and died of heart
failure
- during the funeral, the pastor's strict, mean and
domineering mother Merete (Sigrid Neiiendam), who stood by the casket,
denounced Anne as willing her son's death:
"My son lies murdered. And his murderer is sitting there. Life
for life. Blood for blood"; she also accused Anne of being a witch
herself, with power over Martin: "You yourself are in her power.
She lured you with the help of the evil one. She murdered her husband
with the help of the evil one. I denounce her as a witch. Let her deny
it, if she dare"; Martin chose to stand by his grandmother's claims
and not defend Anne
- in the final scene, the resigned Anne did not deny
the charges; sitting next to her husband's open coffin, she confessed
her trust in the devil to ensnare Martin and to murder her husband:
"Absalon. I have..I give witness, I give witness. I - So you got
your revenge after all. Yes, I murdered you with the help of the evil
one. And I have lured your son into my power with the help of the evil
one. Now you know. Now you know. I'm seeing you through tears, but
nobody is coming to wipe them away"
- the film's prologue (with the shadowy imprint of
a cross above a hymnal, and scrolling down the page of ornate calligraphy): "Day
of Wrath. O Day of Mourning. See fulfill'd the Prophet's Warning.
Heav'n and Earth in ashes burning. Oh, what fear man's bosom rendeth,
when from Heav'n the Judge descendeth, on whose sentence all dependeth.
Wondrous sound the trumpet flingeth, through earth's sepulchres it
ringeth, all before the throne it bringeth. Death is struck and nature
quaking, all creation is awaking, to its Judge an answer making.
Lo! the book exactly worded, wherein all hath been recorded, thence
shall judgement be awarded. While the wicked are confounded, doom'd
to flames of woe unbounded, call me with thy Saints surrounded. Low,
I kneel, with heart submission see, like ashes, my contrition, help
me in my last condition.... (a boys' choir sang the epilogue) Day
of Wrath. O, Day of Mourning. From the Dust of Earth Returning, Man
for Judgement Must Prepare Him. Lord All Pitying, Jesu Blest. Grant
Them Thine Eternal Rest!"
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Marte's Burning at Stake
Married Anne in Incestuous Affair with Her Husband's Younger
Son Martin
Anne's Husband - Reverend/Master Before Deadly Heart
Attack
Anne Condemned as a Witch by Martin's Grandmother
(Supported by Martin)
Anne's Confession of Wrong-doing With Ties to the
Devil ("The Evil One")
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